In the old days, the canning jars and cooker would be out almost from the first asparagus. Grandmother would make preserves and pickles, and can the fruit and vegetables from her garden. Or so I imagine. My grandmother’s preservation was limited to a mayonnaise jar of roasted green peppers in vinegar and a mixture she called shulatah which consisted of chopped eggplant, onions, carrots and green peppers, simmered in garlic, vinegar and water. She’d bring over a jar every so often for my sister and brother, who couldn’t get enough of it.
In the early years of her first marriage, my wife lived in Texas and Kentucky on an associate professor’s salary. She canned, ground her own flour for whole-wheat bread, even made her own phyllo dough on occasion. The dusty canning jars are still in the basement. I’d like to use them, but frankly, any food preparation that comes with warnings about potentially fatal bacteria tends to make me a little wary. I know that once you’ve done it once or twice, canning is a snap, but it doesn’t fit into my current lifestyle.
Still, in August when tomatoes are falling off the vine, the basil plants are small trees, and the corn is piled three feet high in the farm-stand wagons, it pains me to just pass them by. It’s especially hard to think about late January, when I’ll be using canned tomatoes or roasting hard plum tomatoes just to get some kind of flavor out of them. So, for most of the last 10 years, I’ve frozen enough tomatoes to last the winter and added some other vegetables when I can.
Freezing is pretty simple and pretty safe as long as you follow a few rules. First, you want to freeze foods as quickly as possible. Ideally, you should freeze foods at 0 Fahrenheit or lower. The freezer in your refrigerator is probably not cold enough, especially if you open the door a lot. We happen to have a separate freezer in the basement, which we can set to 0. If all you have is the freezer in the fridge, you should freeze the foods overnight, when you are not going to be opening the door. Second, you shouldn’t thaw and refreeze; if the frozen foods thaw even a little bit at the surface, throw them out. (The USDA says you can refreeze without recooking, but I have always heard differently.) Third, air is your enemy. Put the foods in a zip-lock bag or some other container that you can squeeze the air out of. Freezer burn occurs when the water that sublimates from frozen food meets air and crystallizes. (Sublimation is the transfer of water from a solid directly to a gas.)
Around this time of year, I’ll buy a box or two of plum tomatoes. The books recommend blanching the tomatoes: Cut a small X in the stem end, plunge the tomatoes into boiling water for 30 seconds, scoop them out and dump them into a water bath to cool. The skins slip right off. Then, you slice them in half lengthwise and scoop out the seeds with your finger. The result is beautiful. The flesh can be chopped into tomato concasse, which is the basic tomato product for sauces. Typically, I’m doing this around 8:30 at night after a long day of work, and call me irresponsible, but I don’t have time to do that with 20 pounds of tomatoes. I live with some seeds and skins and, when it is important, I’ll pass the defrosted tomatoes through a Foley food mill.
If you have a lot of heirloom or regular tomatoes, you can certainly freeze those. The food police won’t show up at your door. These tomatoes have more moisture than the plum variety and you may have to account for that in cooking, but the flavor will still be good.
My methods are pretty simple. Most of the tomatoes get washed and chopped into large dice. I fill a baggie with one cup of chopped tomatoes, flatten it slightly, and twist-tie it shut. The flattened bags are easier to stack in the freezer. Over the winter, I pull out a bag or two of tomatoes and add them to my sauces. The occasional roll of tomato skin or the seeds don’t bother me, and, when they do, there is always the food mill.
When I get tired of bagging, I dump the rest into a large pot and simmer them for about 15 minutes or until they are just cooked. I push the tomato sauce through a food mill and pour it into muffin tins (½ cup each) and deli containers (1- and 2-cup sizes) and freeze these as well. I dump them out of the containers into a couple of large zip-lock bags for those times when you want a smooth sauce without seeds or skin. No seasoning, since they could end up in something Southwestern, Mediterranean or Indian, each with different spicing needs.
You can also make your own oven-dried tomatoes pretty easily. Slice plum tomatoes lengthwise and scoop out the seeds with your finger. Lay them cut side up on a cookie sheet lined with aluminum foil and brush with a little olive oil. (Orange zest is a great addition as well. Zest the orange over the tomatoes after they are prepped and on the tray.) Bake in a 275-degree oven for about four to six hours, moving them every half hour or so to keep them from sticking. The tomatoes will get pretty dry, but will still have some moisture in them. Put into a jar and cover with olive oil and store in the refrigerator. Mine get moldy after three weeks, especially if I let the olive oil fall below the tomatoes, so use them up quickly.
Corn is next. You should be overbuying corn each time you get some and freezing the extras.
Blanch or steam the corn before you freeze it to stop the enzymes in the corn from converting the sugar into starch. Plunge the corn into boiling water for about three minutes, or steam it for about six. I have a wok with a metal steamer tray that works great for four to six ears at a time.
Removing corn from the cob is pretty easy. Put a small cutting board in a large roasting pan. Shuck the corn, stand it upright on the cutting board, and slice the kernels off. If you cut too shallowly, there will still be part of the kernel on the cob. If you cut too deeply, you’ll feel the knife hit the cob. After a dozen ears, you’ll have the technique pretty much down. The roasting pan will catch most of the kernels that fly off the cob as you cut. You can run your knife along the cobs to scrape out some corn milk, which is a tremendous flavor enhancer to any corn dish. Don’t freeze the corn milk; use it right up.
Freeze the corn in 1- or 2-cup portions in baggies or some other container that you can make airtight. It is enormously satisfying to serve a succotash or corn pudding for Thanksgiving and casually mention that you froze it in August. It will lose some sweetness, but thanks to today’s modern super-sweet corn, there is some sugar to spare.
Pesto freezes easily and it is the best way to preserve basil. The books all recommend leaving out the salt and the Parmesan cheese before you freeze it. A nice trick is to freeze it in ice-cube trays, then save the little cubes in a baggie. To use, simply defrost as many cubes as you need and mix with grated Parmesan cheese. It loses a little color and some texture and you might have to drain off a bit of liquid. When you dump the pesto onto hot pasta sometime in February, the fragrance of fresh basil will offset any minor color variations. Pesto is also great in minestrone or vegetable soups, where it is called pistou. Put a tablespoon in the bottom of each bowl before you ladle on the soup.
Here are some recipes to use now, or in midwinter.
Corn Maque Choux
Vegetable Soup With Pistou
Mussels With Marinara Sauce
Originally Published in the Daily Hampshire Gazette, August 31, 2007